Koi should be loved for their beauty. Grouping them is only for: the sake of contests. Usually there are two main categories; "Basic Varieties" and Unique Koi. Two basic body types: the medium body depth like the Magoi and the much deeper body like that of the old Koitsu-goi. Mainly the grouping is according to the color, color patterns and scale types. There are roughly 13 basic groups (Kohaku, Taisho Sanshoku, Showa Sanshoku, Bekko, Utsurimono, Asagi Shusui, Koromo, Kawarimono, Ogon, Hikari Moyomono, Hikari Utsurimono, Kinginrin and Tancho) and more than a hundred of Unique Koi.
Koi is magnificent but also can be very expensive; million dollar Koi is not uncommon especially in the far east countries. On the other hand, you can keep our reasonably priced, best valued Koi and enjoy them just as much as the very expensive ones. But I should caution our hobbyist that it can still be very costly if your fish are routine victims of predators in the backyard such as birds, cats or other unexpected visitors.
VARIETIES
Koi varieties are distinguished by coloration, patterning, and scalation. Some of the major colors are white, black, red, yellow, blue, and cream. While the possible color variations are virtually limitless, breeders have identified and named a number of specific categories. The most popular category is Gosanke, which is made up of the Kohaku, Taisho Sanshoku, and Showa Sanshoku varieties.
New koi varieties are still being actively developed. Ghost koi were developed in the 1980s, and have become very popular in the United Kingdom. There are a hybrid of wild carp and Ogon koi, and are distinguished by their metallic scales. Butterfly koi (also known as Longfin koi, or Dragon Carp) were also developed in the 1980s, and are notable for their long and flowing fins. They are hybrids of koi with Asian carp. Butterfly koi and Ghost koi are considered by some to be not true Nishikigoi.
The major named varieties include:
* Kōhaku
A white-skinned koi, with large red markings on the top. The name means "red and white;" kohaku was the first ornamental variety to be established in Japan (late 19th century).
* Taishō Sanshoku (or Taisho Sanke)
Very similar to the Kohaku, except for the addition of small black markings called sumi . This variety was first exhibited in 1914 by the koi breeder, Gonzo Hiroi, during the reign of the Taisho Emperor. In America, the name is often abbreviated to just "Sanke". The kanji, may be read as either sanshoku or as sanke.
* Shōwa Sanshoku (or Showa Sanke)
A black koi with red and white markings. The first Showa Sanke was exhibited in 1927, during the reign of the Showa Emperor. In America, the name is often abbreviated to just Showa. The amount of shiroji on Showa Sanke has increased in modern times (Kindai Showa ), to the point that it can be difficult to distinguish from Taisho Sanke. The kanji, may be read as either sanshoku or as sanke.
Any koi with a solitary red patch on its head. The fish may be a Tancho Showa, Tancho Sanke, or even Tancho Goshiki. Named for the Japanese crane (Grus japonensis) which also has a red spot on its head.
'Tea-colored' koi ranging in color from pale olive-drab green or brown to copper or bronze and more recently darker, subdued orange shades. Famous for its docile, friendly personality and large size, it is considered s sign of good luck among koi keepers.
A koi that is light blue above and usually red, but also occasionally pale yellow, or cream generally below the lateral line and on the cheeks. The Japanese name means "pale greenish blue."
A black koi with a white, red, or yellow markings. The oldest attested form is the yellow form, called "Black and white markings" in the 19th century, but renamed Ki Utsuri by Elizaburo Hoshino, an early 20th century koi breeder. The red and white versions are called Hi Utsuri and Shiro Utsuri respectively. The word utsuri means to print (the black markings are reminiscent of ink stains). Genetically the same as Showa but lacking either red pigment (Shiro Utsuri) or white pigment (Hi Utsuri/Ki Utsuri)
* Bekko
A white-, red-, or yellow-skinned koi with black markings sumi . The Japanese name means "tortoise shell,". The white- red- and yellow varieties are called Shiro Bekko Aka Bekko and Ki Bekko respectively. May be confused with the Utsuri.
A dark koi with red (Kohaku style) hi pattern. Appears similar to an Asagi with little or no Hi below the lateral line and a Kohaku Hi pattern over reticulated (fishnet pattern) scales. The base color can range from nearly black to very pale sky blue.
The Japanese name means "Autumn Water." The Shusui was created in 1910 by Yoshigoro Akiyama, by crossing Japanese Asagi with German mirror carp.[citation needed] The fish has no scales, except for a single line of large mirror scales dorsally, extending from head to tail. The most common type of Shusui have a pale, sky-blue/gray color above the lateral line and red or orange (and very, very rarely bright yellow) below the lateral line and on the cheeks
* Kinginrin
A koi with metallic (glittering metal-flake appearing) scales. The name translates into English as "gold and silver scales." Often abbreviated to Ginrin. There are Ginrin versions of almost all other varieties of koi, and they are fashionable. Gin-rin refers to sparlking, glittering scales as opposed to the smooth, even metallic skin and scales seen in the Ogon varieties. Recently these characteristics have been combined to create the new "ginrin Ogon" varieties.
A "catch-all" term for koi that cannot be put into one of the other categories. This is a competition category and many new varieties of koi compete against each other within this one category. Also known as kawarigoi.
* Ōgon
A metallic koi of one color only. The most commonly encountered colors are gold, platinum, and orange. Cream specimens exist but are very rare. Ogon compete in the Kawarimono category and the Japanese name means "Gold." The variety was created by Sawata Aoki in 1946 from wild carp he caught in 1921. Recently the metallic skinned Ogon is being crossed with ginrin scaled fish to create the ginrin Ogon with metallic skin and sparkling (metal flake) scales.
Kumonryu is a black doitsu scaled fish with curling white markings. The patterns are thought to be reminiscent of Japanese ink paintings of dragons. They famously change colour with the seasons.Kumonryu compete in the Kawarimono category.
* Ochiba
A light blue/gray koi with copper, bronze, or yellow (Kohaku style) pattern, reminiscent of autumn leaves on water. The Japanese name means "fallen leaves."
* Koromo
A white fish with Kohaku style pattern with blue or black edged scales only over the hi pattern. This variety first arose in the 1950s as a cross between a Kohaku and an Asagi.[citation needed] The most commonly encountered Koromo is an Ai Goromo, which is coloured like a Kohaku, except that each of the scales within the red patches has a blue- or black-edge to it. Less common is the Budo-Goromo which has a darker (burgundy) hi overlay that gives it the appearance of bunches of grapes. Very rarely seen is the Tsumi-Goromo which is similar to Budo-Goromo, but the hi pattern is such a dark burgundy that it appears nearly black.
A koi with coloured markings over a metallic base, or koi in two metallic colours.
* Kikokuryu'
A metallic skinned version of the Kumonryu.
* Kin-Kikokuryu
A metallic skinned version of the Kumonryu with a Kohaku-style hi pattern developed by Mr. Seiki Igarashi of Ojiya City. There are (at least) six different genetic sub-varieties of this general variety.
* Ghost koi
A hybrid of Ogon and wild carp with metallic scales. Considered by some to be not Nishikigoi.
* Butterfly koi
A hybrid of koi and Asian carp with long flowing fins. Various coloration depending on the koi stock used to hybrid. Considered by some to be not Nishikigoi.
Originated by cross breeding numerous different established varieties with "scale-less" German carp (generally, fish with only a single line of scales along each side of the dorsal fin). There are four main types of "Doitsu" scale patterns. The most common type (referred to above) have a row of scales beginning at the front of the dorsal fin and ending at the end of the dorsal fin (along both sides of the fin). The second type has a row of scales beginning where the head meets the shoulder and running the entire length of the fish (along both sides). The third type is the same as the second, with the addition of a line of (often quite large) scales running along the lateral line (along the side) of the fish, also referred to as "Mirror koi". The fourth (and rarest) type are referred to as "Armor koi" and are completely (or nearly) covered with very large scales that resemble plates of armor.
BREEDING
1 Understand that April to July is the best time for koi to mate. Try for a one-to-one ratio of males to females when breeding.
2. Take into consideration the age of your fish. (Koi that are too young or too old may not breed as easily.)
3. Look for female koi to become bloated when they're carrying eggs. Add a similar-sized male koi to the pond at this point.
4. Help the fish to form a natural nesting area with synthetic brush or willow cuttings submerged underwater. The fish will nest beneath the brush.
5. Expect the breeding pond to appear cloudy and give off an unpleasant odor immediately following the spawning process.
6. Keep in mind that koi will lay thousands of eggs at one time. The eggs need to be separated from the adults to prevent them from being eaten.
7. Expect the eggs to hatch within a week.
